Woven fabric.



T. B. DORNAN.

WOVEN FABRIC.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 29, 1909.

- Patented Dec. 26, 1911.

COLUMBIA PLANOOIAPH co..wuumrrou. D. C.

FFIGE.

ATNT

WOVEN FABRIC.

Application filed September 29, 1909.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, THOMAS BENTON DoR- NAN, a citizen of the UnitedStates, residing at the city of Philadelphia, in the county ofPhiladelphia and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certa-in new anduseful Improvements in Woven Fabrics, of which the following is aspecification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawings,forming part thereof.

My invention relates to fabrics such as are used for carpets and rugs,and more particularly to that class of such fabrics in which the patternand color effects are produced by figuring warp threads and figuringweft threads associated with suitable binding threads.

The object of my invention, generally stated, is to produce areversible, tightly- Woven, homogeneous fabric of the type abovereferred to, in which a great variety of color effects is attained witha small number of figuring threads, thereby securing a pleasing varietyin the patterns together with economy in material.

More specifically, the object of the invention is to produce a fabric ofthe type above referred to in which, without any increase in the numberof figuring threads used, two entirely distinct patterns may bedisplayed upon the two faces of the fabric, so that the same rug orcarpet may present, according as it is laid with one face or the otherup-. ward, either one of two patterns having, if desired, nothing incommon but the several colors of the component threads.

In Letters Patent of the United States No. 765,961, granted to me July26, 1904, and No. 7 81,407, granted to me January 31, 1905, I havedisclosed fabrics of the reversible type, in which two sets of figuringwarp threads are combined with figuring weft threads and with bindingwarp threads and binding weft threads. In both of these fabrics thepatterns on the two faces are merely color reversals of each other, thatis, they are similar except that a given color on one face is alwaysdirectly opposite a difierent given color on the other face.

In the fabric of the present invention I may, and preferably do, use thesame number of figuring warp threads and figuring weft threads as in thefabrics of my patents above referred to, but I do not confine myself tothe use of warp effects opposite to Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 26, 1911.

Serial No. 520,185.

warp efi'ects, and weft eflects opposite to weft elfects as in suchpriorfabrics, but, to the contrary, I use, in addition to these oldeffects, combinations of the figuring threads in which a warp effect onone face is directly opposite to a weft effect on the other face, andvice versa. By this thread combina tion I am enabled to produce anydesired pattern on one face opposite to any other desired pattern on theother face, the sole restriction upon the two difierent designs beingthat the same thread cannot appear upon both faces at once.

I produce my novel fabric by operating the acquard mechanism in a novelmanner. In place of cutting the cards according to a single pattern, Iuse cards out according to the two patterns to be produced. These cardsare then arranged and laced together in such order that a card out toproduce a given transverse line in one pattern is immediately followedby a card cut to produce the corresponding line on the other pattern,and so onthroughout the cards.

The binding threads are preferably controlled, in the usual manner, bymeans of an automatic lift, and I have found that an arrangement ofbinding threads similar to that disclosed in my Patent No. 765,961,above referred to, combines with the new arrangement of figuringthreadsof the present invention, to the production of a highlysatisfactory fabric notwithstanding the greater variations of structurecharacteristic of the present invention.

I shall now describe the embodiment of my invention illustrated in theaccompanying drawings, and shall thereafter point out my invention inclaims.

Figures 1 to 8, inclusive, are diagrammatic longitudinal sections, orsections taken on planes parallel to the warp threads, of portions of afabric, each view showing eight shots of weft threads, and the differentviews illustrating the eight novel thread combinations embodying thepresent invention. Fig. 9 is a diagrammatic longitudinal section of aportion of a fabric in which several of the new thread combinationsshown in Figs. 1 to 8, inclusive, are juxtaposed with combinations ofthreads heretofore employed for presenting different patterns on the twofaces of the fabric? Fig. 10 illustrates, in transverse section, side byside and Woven together, units of structure and design such as would beobtained by transverse sections on planes indicated by the lines 10l0,10 -l0"*, and 10"-1O in Fig. 9, and Fig 11 is a similar Viewillustrating transverse sections on planes indicated by the lines 1111,11-11 and 1111 in Fig. 9.

In all of the views the threads shown in cross-section are exaggeratedin size relatively to the threads shown longitudinally, and the threadsare separated both vertically and horizontally for clearness ofillustration.

The novel combinations of threads illustrated in Figs. 1 to 8 are allcharacterized by the fact that where a figuring warp thread appears onone face of the fabric, a figuring weft thread appears immediatelyopposite on the other face of the fabric. In these figures the twofiguring warp threads are designated as G and B, respectively, andrepresent threads belonging to two sets of figuring warp threads ofdifferent colors. The figuring weft threads are also of two colors, andare designated as B and E, respectively. It will be apparent from thesefigures that the novel combinations are characterized by the fact thatin each case one figuring weft thread is inclosed between the twofiguring warp threads, while the other figuring weft thread appears uponeither the upper or the lower face of the fabric, as the case may be. Inprevious fabrics of the type to which this invention relates thefiguring threads have been arranged in such a manner that the twosuccessive shots of figuring weft thread were either both between thefiguring warp threads, so as to show warp effects on both faces of thefabric, or both outside of the figuring warp threads, so as to show wefteffects on both faces. The new thread combinations add to these oldcombinations such a number of variations of structure and such anindependence of the color effects on the two faces of the fabric thatthe patterns on the two faces may be planned in entire independence ofeach other except for the fact that the same thread may not appear onboth faces of the fabric at the same time.

The complete fabric is composedof figuring warp threads G and B, bindingwarp threads 0 and d, figuring weft threads B and E, and binding weftthreads in pairs, marked 1 and 2, and 5 and 6, to indicate theirnumerical order as shots in each unit of structure of the weave. Thesuccessive shots of weft threads are, first, a binding weft thread 1,then a binding weft thread 2, then a figuring weft thread B, then afiguring weft thread E, then a binding weft thread 5, then a bindingweft thread 6, then a figuring weft thread B, and then a figuring weftthread E. Eight shots of weft threads are necessary for a repeat of theweave, so that a unit of structure longitudinally of the fabric iscomprised in eight shots of weft threads.

Transversely of the fabric two figuring warp threads G and R and twobinding warp threads 0 and (Z are comprised in a unit of structure. Thedesign unit transversely of the fabric corresponds with the unit ofstructure. The design unit longitudinally of the fabric is one-half ofthe unit of structure, since the figuring weft threads comprising thethird and fourth shots of any unit of structure, and the figuring warpthreads as they pass above or below or between these figuring weftthreads, may be varied independently of the figuring weft threads whichconstitute the seventh and eighth shots of each unit of structure andthe figuring warp threads in their rel.a-

tion to these figuring weft threads. The binding warp threads 0 and dare interwoven with the weft threads in the manner disclosed in my priorPatent No. 765,961, hereinbefore referred to. Considering the bindingwarp threads 0 in Fig. 9, in the first set shown, commencing at theleft, this thread passes first over the binding weft thread 1 of theupper ply, then under the binding weft thread 2 of the lower ply, thisbinding weft thread 2 being immediately below the binding weft thread 1,then over the figuring weft thread B, which constitutes the third shotof weft threads, then between the binding weft threads 5 and 6, and thenbelow the figuring weft thread E, which constitutes the eighth shot ofweft threads. The binding warp thread d passes between the binding weftthreads 1 and 2, then under the figuring weft thread E which constitutesthe fourth shot of weft threads, then over the binding weft thread 5,then under the binding weft thread 6, and then over the figuring weftthread B, which constitutes the seventh shot of weft threads. Thiscompletes a unit of structure or repeat of the weave, and the samegeneral arrangement is followed in succeeding units of structure orrepeats of the weave except for the variations in the positions of thefiguring threads which the invention contemplates and which may beeffected for the production of the desired design or designs.

By the arrangement of binding threads above described, the figuringthreads of the fabric are bound tightly together, making a homogeneousand close-woven fabric. The figuring warp threads, where they appear onthe face, are indented between the figuring weft threads lying beneathso as to form distended loops somewhat resembling the pile-loops of aBrussels carpet in'appearance, and the figuring weft threads, where theyappear on the face, are similarly indented, as shown in Figs. 10 and 11.

In the fabric shown, four distinct colors may be employed in thefiguring threads and for purposes of illustration it may be assumed thatthe figuring warp threads R are red, the figuring warp threads G aregreen, the figuring weft threads B are black, and the figuring weftthreads E are ecru. With such colorings of the figuring threads, theupper face of the fabric, as shown in Fig. 9, commencing from the left,will present, first, a green warp effect comprising four successiveloops of a figuring warp thread G, then an ecru weft effect composed ofthree successive loops of figuring weft threads E, then a black wefteffect composed of three successive loops of figuring weft threads B,and then a green warp effect composed of two successive loops of afiguring Warp thread G. On the lower face the arrangement is entirelydifferent. Here there are two loops of ecru weft threads, then fourloops of a red warp thread, then two loops of a green warp thread, thentwo loops of ecru weft threads, and then two loops of black weftthreads.

It will be obvious that in the fabric described the changes in thecolors on one face occur at different points from those on the otherface and are independent thereof, and this is true not only in respectto the longitudinal lines of the fabric, as illustrated in thelongitudinal section Fig. 9, but will be equally true as to transverselines of the fabric as illustrated in Figs. 10 and 11.

In Fig. 10 is shown on the upper face of the fabric, first, twosuccessive loops of green figuring warp threads G, and then a loop of anecru figuring weft thread E, while on the lower face is shown, first, aloop of an ecru figuring weft thread E, and then two successive loops ofred figuring warp thread R.

In Fig. 11 is shown on the upper face, first, two successive loops of ablack figuring weft thread B, and then a loop of a green figuring warpthread G, while on the lower face is shown, first, a loop of a greenfiguring warp thread G, then a loop of an ecru figuring weft thread E,and then a loop of a black figuring weft thread B.

Figs. 9, 10 and 11 do not illustrate all of the eight new threadcombinations shown in Figs. 1 to 8, inclusive, but it will be apparentthat they are all interchangeable with any of the thread combinationsshown. Fig. 9 illustrates in the first repeat of the weave one of thenovel weft structures characteristic of the present invention, to wit,that shown in Fig. 1. The second repeat of the weave is one of thestructures disclosed in my before-mentioned Letters Patent No. 765,961.The third repeat of the weave is the novel structure shown in Fig. 7.The fourth repeat of the weave is in the first unit of design thereinhalf of the novel structure shown in Fig. 5 and in the sec- 0nd unit ofdesign therein half of the novel structure shown in Fig. 6. The fifthrepeat of the weave is a structure shown in my before-mentioned LettersPatent No. 765,961, and the sixth repeat of the weave is the novelstructures shown in Fig. 2. Fig. 10 illustrates in the first unit ofstructure and design the novel structure shown in Fig. 1, in the secondunit one of the structures disclosed in my before-mentioned LettersPatent No. 765,961, and in the third unit the novel structure shown inFig. 7. Fig. 11 illustrates in the first unit of structure and designthe novel structure shown in Fig. 6, in the second unit a structureshown in my before-mentioned Letters Patent No. 765,961, and in thethird unit the novel structure shown in Fig. 2.

The thread combinations shown are highly advantageous in that,notwithstanding the great variations of structure, the tension of thebinding warp threads is sub stantially equalized throughout the fabric,resulting in a uniformly tightly bound and evenly woven fabric. At theportions of the fabric where a warp effect appears on one face while aweft effect appears on the other face, the binding weft threads will bedrawn more deeply into the body of the fabric on the face where the wefteffect appears than on the face where the warp effect ap pears, but, byreason of the fact that each binding warp thread in its relation to thefiguring weft threads binds first a figuring weft thread of one ply inone unit of design and then a figuring weft thread of the other ply inthe next unit of design, there results a substantial.equalization oftension which attains the desired evenness of weaving.

As the function of the binding threads is chiefiy mechanical, and asthey are comparatively slender, they may be black, as in that case theydo not substantially impair the colors of the fabric but have the effectof defining and shading the rows of loops. They may be variouslycolored, however, if desired.

For simplicity in illustration I have shown my fabric as comprisingsingle figuring threads, each represented by a single circle, but inweaving this fabric I may employ two or more warp threads controlled asone thread, in place of one heavy warp thread, or-two or more weftthreads in the same shed in place of a single heavy weft thread. wheresuch an arrangement is adopted the binding warp threads may be locatedeither between the two groups of figuring warp threads constitutingadjacent units of design, or interposed between the threads constitutinga single unit of design, the latter arrangement being, however,preferable in fabrics of this type. It is obvious that variousmodifications may be made in the construction shown above particularlydescribed within the prirgciple and scope of my invention, as defined inthe following claims.

I claim:

1. A woven fabric comprising figuring weft threads, two sets of figuringwarp threads, binding warp threads and binding Weft threads, thefiguring threads being arranged to produce at some points in the fabrica warp effect on one face opposite a weft effect on the other face, andeach binding warp thread being arranged to pass alternately above andbelow binding weft threads on both faces of the fabric.

2. A woven fabric comprising two sets of figuring warp threads, two setsof figuring weft threads, binding warp threads, and binding weftthreads, the figuring threads being arranged at some portions of thefabric with one figuring warp thread between the figuring weft threadsand the other figuring warp thread outside of the figuring weft threads,so as to produce at a given point in the fabric a warp effect on oneface and a weft effect on the opposite face, and the binding warpthreads being arranged to bind the binding weft threads with a singlebinding weft thread in each loop of binding warp threads, and to bindthe figuring weft threads with a plurality of figuring weft threads ineach loop of binding warp threads.

3. A woven fabric comprising figuring weft threads, two sets of figuringwarp threads, binding warp threads and binding weft threads, thefiguring warp threads being arranged at some points between the figuringweft threads and at other points outside of the figuring weft threads,the warp efiects and weft effects thus produced being juxtaposed onCopies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of Patents.

each face of the fabric independently of the other face, so as toproduce two different patterns on the two faces and the binding warpthreads being arranged to bind the binding weft threads with a singlebinding weft thread in a loop of binding warp threads, and to bind thefiguring weft threads with a plurality of figuring weft threads in eachloop of binding warp threads. 1

4:. A woven fabric comprising figuring weft threads, figuring warpthreads, binding weft threads, and binding warp threads, the weftthreads being arranged in sets of eight weft threads each, four figuringweft threads and four binding weft threads in each set, the binding warpthreads binding the binding weft threads with a single binding weftthread in each loop of binding warp threads and binding the figuringweft threads with two figuring weft threads in each loop of binding warpthreads, and the figuring warp threads being arranged in pairs, with onefiguring warp thread between the figuring weft threads and the otherfiguring warp thread outside of the figuring weft threads at some pointsin the fabric, both figuring warp threads between the figuring weftthreads at other points in the fabric, and both figuring warp threadsoutside of the figuring weft threads at still other points in thefabric, so as to produce upon the two faces of the fabric twoindependent and distinct patterns comprising both warp effects and wefteffects.

In testimony whereof I have affixed my signature in presence of twowitnesses.

THOMAS BENTON DORNAN. Witnesses:

S. D. BAILEY, J. H. YARNALL.

Washington, I). G.

